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Fairclough is generally considered the most prominent
literary figure who participated a lot in discourse analysis. He believes that
critical discourse analysis can be viewed as a relational or interdisciplinary
approach to conversation analysis. He puts his model which is remembered
as Fairclough’s
CDA model.
Before jumping into the model, it would be interesting to share
some of his common ideas.
Fairclough investigates the role of social institutions in
producing discourse practices, arguing that language is always influenced by
the material and social circumstances in which it is created.
CDA is brought into conversation with sociological and social
scientific research in order to study to what degree and in what ways these
changes constitute changes in discourse, and to investigate the socially
transformative implications of discursive change. Fairclough's work has
resulted in the development of a dialectical discourse theory and a
transdisciplinary approach to social transformation. Fairclough's method has
looked at the discursive component of modern social change processes.
So finally the CDA model presented by Faiclough
is here consisting of eight points.
1. Critical Discourse
Analysis addresses social problems
2. Power relations are
discursive (moving from topic to topic without order)
3. Discourse constitutes
society and culture
4. Discourse does
ideological work
5. Discourse is
historical
6. The link between text
and society is mediated
7. Discourse analysis is
interpretative and explanatory
8. Discourse is a form of
social action
Discourse, according to Fairclough, is a three-dimensional term that includes:
1) texts
2) discursive practices
3) social practices.
Fairclough's major focus is on analyzing intertextual relationships as
power relationships, implying that it may be a site of contestation and
conflict. Fairclough's model is distinguished from others by this degree of
examination. Apart from the above idea, his three-dimensional framework
examines discourse as social practice. That is, discourse on ideology and power
is framed through the lens of hegemony and the growth of power relations as a
hegemonic struggle.
Social practices, according to Fairclough, are the things that
people have accepted and learned through their surroundings, culture, and
society. Thus, discourse encompasses not only what is said, but also how it is
said within a certain framework.
The above discussion can be summed up in these words
that language is the basic tool. Through this, we can formulate our ideas,
express ourselves, and generate thoughts. Even our ethnicity, social
interactions, materialism, politics, and power relations are developed by the
language.
The article is written by MSM YAQOOB, the CEO and Founder of this platform.
