1) Adjacency Pairs
Adjacency pairs are a core unit of
conversational structure and a critical means of communicating and interpreting
meanings in interactions. Adjacency pairs are utterances delivered by two
speakers in such a way that the second statement is recognized as a follow-up
to the first.
Here the challenge is followed up by a response. Let’s take an example
Ma’am Anila: Why do you not speak in the
class? (Challenge)
Yaqoob: Ma’am, umm, my internet connection is bad. (Response)
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2)
Preference Organization
When a speaker finishes
his/her first pair of utterances, the basic rule for adjacency pairs is
that they should stop talking and let the other speaker finish a second pair
part. However, this is not the case with every utterance, there is
considerable flexibility in replying to some of the first two sections.
Here the second utterance is usually preferred for consideration.
For example
Aslam: How long have you been in Lahore?
Amjad: Not so long.
Aslam: How long.
Amjad: Just two months.
3)
Feedback
The manner in which listeners demonstrate
that they are paying attention to what is being said is known as feedback. This
may be accomplished in a variety of ways, including ‘mmm' and
‘yeah,' summarizing what the other person has just said, and using body
language and facial expression.
Let’s take an example to understand it.
Teacher: Have you ever written a
fictional story?
Student: Hmm, yeah ma’am
Teacher: Yeah?
Student: Yeah!
(In urdu it’s more like “Acha”
