Nationalism is often blamed for breeding conflicts ranging from Napoleonic wars to the modern century but this isn’t fair. Human history states that nationalism evoked World War II forgetting the reality that it was invoked by the political leader Adolf Hitler to achieve a desired political response. At that time, radio emerged as a media genie, and Hitler very cleverly used radio propaganda by blaming Jews for starting WWII. Here, a political leader was responsible for the Holocaust in the name of nationalism. In Zia’s era, an individual rational decision structured his Islamic policies on the countrymen. During the reign of Zia, The military and Ulema achieved their motives using Islam at the end of collective irrationality. Individual rationality but collective irrationality was observed because Pakistan as a Muslim state, wanted an Islamic system.
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General Zia played with the emotions of people and strengthened this dictatorial rule. He used Islamization for political purposes which resulted in a deep-rooted sectarian divide between Sunnis and because of the policy of Sunni sectarianism which flourished madrassa culture in the country. Religion was used as a tool to arouse consciousness by triggering discrimination and violence. Nationalism was not a cause of conflict during the Zia era. Xinjiang, home to more than 10 million ethnic Uyghur declared as an all-out offensive community. They are forced to transform their religion, culture, ideology, and ethnic forms. They are physically and mentally tortured for having insane faandan an understanding of Chinese beliefs and customs. Uyghur women are sexually abused and forced to marry outside their religion.
They have no right to peaceful protest. The government justifies its use of force to recorded violent conflicts which stroy Uyghur’s identity. This policy was implemented by Chen Quanguo. This ethnic group is deprived of rights that are reading to conflicts. Nationalism has nothing to do with the conflict in this case. In 1990, the government leader in Yemen used the National soccer team to break down divisions between northern and southern regions resulting in integration. Simila in the UEFA Cup, in Serbia, an Albanian fan flew a drone into the stadium carrying an Albanian flag player who ripped the flag off resulting in a fight. Serbians raised the slogan Kill, slaughter Albanians until they don’t exist. This caused conflict between the two countries. Nationalist sentiments did not fluctuate enough to influence the likelihood of war or consideration of relative capabilities.
Nationalism occurred because tensions between the two countries were already high because of sports. In Kenya, during the elections of 2007-8, local radio stations broadcasted messages which incited violent conflicts. For twelve years, Nazi-controlled radio discharged out a constant stream of racial hatred against Jews, Russians, and Slavs. The objectives were political and economic. To fulfill these intentions, seizure of political powers, maximizing of control of land and other assets at the expense of the rival community set the agenda for dehumanizing the conflicting parties. After 9/11, terrorists hijacked Islam through misrepresentation of Islam and Muslims even though General Musharraf supported the US on War on Terror. Islam is being labeled as terrorist religion although Islam is a religion of peace, harmony, and brotherhood. The negative portrayal of Islam and Muslims through Western media has made the whole world think of Muslims as extremists.
This paper clearly shows the reasons for conflicts were horizontal inequalities such as power struggle, territorial gain, economic gain, political objectives, and deprivation of resources which led to the conflicts.
The article is produced by Hadiqa Tariq, one of the permanent team members at the SOL Community.
