Note: Mobile viewers, please use desktop view for better results.
Book
English Syntax: An Introduction Jong-Bok Kim and Peter Sells November 20, 2007
QNO1. Construct sentences containing the following grammatical functions:
1.
subject, predicator, direct object
Areefa paints landscape.
(Subject) (predicator) (DO)
2.
subject,
predicator, indirect object, direct object
My mother bought
me a necklace.
(Subject) (Predicator) (IN.DO) (DO)
3.
subject,
predicator, adjunct
The
paper was published on
Tuesday.
(Subject) (Predicator) (Adjunct)
4.
adjunct, subject,
predicator
In the wood, he lost his dog.
(Adjunct) (Sub) (Predicator)
5.
adjunct, subject,
predicator, direct object
In the ground, he played
and hugged me.
(Adjunct) (Sub) (Predicate) (DO)
6.
subject,
predicator, direct object, oblique complement
I
adopted a dog with white paws.
(Sub) (Predicator) (DO) (Oblique Compl…)
7.
subject,
predicator, predicative complement
Amjad
considered
Kim a genius.
(sub) (Pred) (Pred.
Complement)
8.
subject,
predicator, direct object, predicative complement
The vote
made John's position untenable.
(sub) (pred) (DO) (Pred.Complement)
9. subject, predicator, predicate complement,
adjunct
He explained the rules fast in the class.
(Sub) (Pred) Pred
Compl) (Adjunct)
10. subject, predicator, direct object, predicative complement,
adjunct
I
hit him sever
with the stick.
(sub) (pred) (DO) (PC) (Adjunct)
SHORTENED
WORDS
Sub: Subject
Pred: Predicate
DO: Direct Object
PC: Predicative Complement
Pred. Comp: Predicative Complement
OC: Oblique Complement
IND.O: Indirect Object
QNO2.Give
the grammatical function of the italicized phrases in the following examples:
1.
All of
his conversation was
reported to me.
(Subject)
2.
Sandy
removed her ballet shoes.
(Object)
3.
The
school awarded a few of the girls in Miss Kim’s class scholarships.
(Direct Object)
4.
She
was the
nicest teacher in the Senior School.
(Modifier)
5.
They
elected him America’s 31st President.
(Modifier)
6.
The
next morning, we
set out for Seoul.
(Modifier)
7.
Doing syntax is not easy.
(Subject)
8.
This is the place to go to.
(Modifier)
9.
He saw the man with the stick.
(Modifier)
10. This week will be a difficult one for us.
(Subject)
11. We need to finish the project this
week.
(Modifier)
QNO.3 Draw tree structures for the following sentences and then
assign an appropriate grammatical function to each phrase.
(I)
a.
They parted the best of friends.
b. In the summer we always go to France.
c.
Benny worked in a shoe factory when he was a student.
d.
Last year I saw this film several times.
e. He
baked Tom the bread last night.
f.
That they have completed the course is amazing.
g.
Everyone hoped that she would sing.
h. The
gang robbed her of her necklace.
i.
They helped us edit the script.
j. The
teacher made students happy.
(i) .a. They parted the best of friends.
b. In the summer we always go to France.
In the summer= Modifier, we= Subject
, always= modifier, go= Predicator, to France= Object
c. Benny worked in a
shoe factory when he was a student.
Benny= Subject, worked= Predicator, in the shoe factory= Oblique
Complement, when he was a student= Complement.
d. Last year I saw this
film several times.
Last year= Modifier, i= Subject, saw= Predicator, this film=
Direct Object, several times= Modifier.
e. He baked Tom the
bread last night.
He= Subject, baked= Predicator, Tom= Indirect object, the bread=
Direct object, last night= Modifier.
f. That they have
completed the course is amazing.
That they have completed the course= Subject, is = Predicator ,
Amazing= predicative complement.
g. Everyone hoped that
she would sing.
Everyone= Subject, hoped= Predicate, that she would sing= Oblique
Complement.
h. The gang robbed her
of her necklace.
The gang= Subject, robbed= Predicator, her= Direct Object, of her
necklace= Oblique complement.
i. They helped us edit
the script.
They= Subject, helped= Predicator, us= Object, edit the script=
Predicative complement
j. The teacher made
students happy.
The teacher= Subject, made= Predicator, students= Direct Object,
happy= Predicative complement.
k. We reminded him of
the agreement.
We = Subject, reminded= Predicator, him= Direct Object, of the
agreement= Oblique complement.
4. Consider the following examples
a)
There
is/*are only one chemical substance involved in nerve transmission.
Answer:
There is only one chemical substance involved in nerve transmission, is not
there?
b.
There *is/are more chemical substances involved in nerve transmission.
Answer: There are more chemical substances
involved in nerve transmission, are not there?
With
respect to the grammatical function of there, what can we infer from these
data? Try out more subject hood tests such as the tag-question test to
determine the grammatical function of there in these examples. In addition, try
to decide what is the subject in the following so-called ‘locative inversion’
examples and provide at least three different locative inversion examples that
you can find from naturally-occurring material.
(ii) a.
In the garden stands/*stand a statue.
Answer: In the garden stands a statue, “A
statue” is the subject.
This sentence may also be written as “A
statue stands in the garden”.
b.
Among the guests was/*were sitting my friend Louise.
Answer: “My friend Louise” is the subject.
This sentence may also be written as:
“My friend Louise was sitting among the
guests”. As observed “my friend Louise” is the subject.
Other locative inversion examples are,
1. In
the garden sat a cat. (A cat sat in the garden)
2. In the ground played a boy. (A boy played in the ground)
6.
Assign a semantic role to each argument in the following sentences.
1.
A big green insect flew
into the soup.
(Theme) (Goal)
2.
John’s mother sent a letter to Mary.
(source) (Theme) (Goal)
3.
John smelled the
freshly baked bread.
(Experiencer)
4.
We placed the cheese in the refrigerator.
(Agent) (Patient) (Location)
5.
Frank threw himself into the sofa.
(Agent) (Patient) (Goal)
6.
The crocodile devoured
the doughnut.
(Agent)
(Patient)
7.
John came from Seoul.
(Theme)
(location)
8.
John is afraid of Bill.
(Experiencer)
9. The ice melted.
(Theme)
10.
The vacuum cleaner terrifies the child.
(Agent)
(Patient)
7. Determine the grammatical functions for the underlined
expressions in the following text.
(i)
Scientists found that the birds
sang well in the evenings, but
(Subject)
performed
badly in the mornings. After
being awake several hours,
(Oblique Comp)
(Oblique Comp)
however,
the young males regained their mastery of the material and then improved on the
previous day’s accomplishments.
To see whether
(Subject)
this dip in learning was caused by the same kind of pre-coffee
fog that
(Subject)
many
people feel in the morning, the researchers prevented the birds from practicing first thing in
the morning. They also tried keeping the
(Oblique Complement)
birds from singing during the day, and they
used a chemical called
(Obj)
melatonin to make the birds nap at odd times. The researchers
(Predi.Copml) (Predicate)
concluded
that their study supports the idea that sleep helps birds learn.
(P.complement)
Studies
of other animals have also suggested that sleep
improves learning.
(Subject)
Where are the answers for ch 2 and ch 4 of this book?
ReplyDelete